{"id":1446,"date":"2012-05-19T12:37:30","date_gmt":"2012-05-19T10:37:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rosicrucianum.cz\/?p=1446"},"modified":"2022-02-11T16:50:05","modified_gmt":"2022-02-11T15:50:05","slug":"pravo-spravedlnost-rad-spolecenstvi-a-bozska-idea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rosicrucianum.org\/sk\/blog\/2012\/05\/19\/pravo-spravedlnost-rad-spolecenstvi-a-bozska-idea\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e1vo, spravedlnost, \u0159\u00e1d spole\u010denstv\u00ed a bo\u017esk\u00e1 idea"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Pr\u00e1vo,<\/a>IUS A FAS, ANEB DVA \u0158\u00c1DY<\/p>\n

Kdysi d\u00e1vno, kdy\u017e byli tehdej\u0161\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed ve spojen\u00ed s\u00a0Bohem, slou\u017eili lidem v\u00a0mnoha ohledech. Byli \u0161amani, moud\u0159\u00ed, panovn\u00edci, l\u00e9ka\u0159i, hudebn\u00edci a soudci v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 osob\u011b. Kdo m\u011bl spojen\u00ed s\u00a0Prap\u016fvodem, vyvozoval z\u00a0toho tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00e1 \u017eivotn\u00ed pravidla. Rozli\u0161oval se tedy absolutn\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd byl lidem d\u00e1n (nebyl jimi vytvo\u0159en) a relativn\u011b platn\u00fd lidsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd se z\u00a0absolutn\u00edho odvozoval. D\u00edky spojen\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 vych\u00e1zelo z\u00a0Bo\u017e\u00edho.<\/p>\n

V 5. st. p\u0159. n. l. se nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0\u0158\u00edm\u011b je\u0161t\u011b rozli\u0161ovalo pr\u00e1vo na: fas \u2013 jako Bohem dovolen\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, nefas \u2013 Bohem zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, mos \u2013 jako tradi\u010dn\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed pravidla, ius \u2013 jako relativn\u00ed pravidla b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho sou\u017eit\u00ed vynutiteln\u00e1 vrchnost\u00ed, a lex \u2013 relativn\u00ed pravidla vyd\u00e1van\u00e1 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm lidu (v\u011bt\u0161inou pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vztahy). Ius se odvozovalo od fas. (Pozn. asociac\u00ed fas k\u00a0na\u00f3s \u2013 na\u00f3s je \u0159eck\u00e9 slovo, kter\u00e9 znamen\u00e1 chr\u00e1m, nejsv\u011bt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sv\u00e1tost, lo\u010f, Noemovu archu, lo\u010f k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch c\u00edrkv\u00ed.)<\/em>
\nPostupem \u010dasu se zapomn\u011blo na fas a pozornost lid\u00ed se up\u0159ela na ius. Z\u00a0ius vych\u00e1z\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed pr\u00e1vo. Pr\u00e1vo v\u00a0Evrop\u011b vyrostlo na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, jde tak ruku v\u00a0ruce s\u00a0evropsk\u00fdm analytick\u00fdm, rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edm my\u0161len\u00edm, ruku v\u00a0ruce s\u00a0ve\u0161kerou \u0159\u00edmskou kulturou (n\u00e1silnou, py\u0161nou, sv\u00e9volnou) v\u010detn\u011b sv\u00fdch vazeb na \u0159\u00edmskokatolickou c\u00edrkev a jej\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em>POZITIVIST\u00c9 A P\u0158IROZENOPR\u00c1VN\u00cdCI<\/p>\n

<\/strong>Mezi pr\u00e1vn\u00edky se vytvo\u0159ily dv\u011b skupiny, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1ly n\u00e1zorov\u011b proti sob\u011b. Jedna skupina se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 pozitivist\u00e9. Druh\u00e9 se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 p\u0159irozenopr\u00e1vn\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed my\u0161lenkou pr\u00e1vn\u00edho pozitivismu je, \u017ee pr\u00e1vem, pravdiv\u00fdm a spravedliv\u00fdm je to, co je obsa\u017eeno v\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u00edm p\u0159edpise. Plat\u00ed pro n\u011b (zjednodu\u0161en\u011b): \u201eCo je ps\u00e1no, to je d\u00e1no.\u201c P\u00edsemn\u011b zachycen\u00e9 my\u0161lenkov\u00e9 vzorce, matice, tak d\u00edky sv\u00e9 form\u011b o\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed a zp\u011btn\u011b o to v\u00fdrazn\u011bji p\u016fsob\u00ed. D\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u201evzniknout\u201c osob\u00e1m (pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdm osob\u00e1m, st\u00e1t\u016fm), vztah\u016fm (vlastnictv\u00ed, man\u017eelstv\u00ed, dluh), nebo ur\u010duj\u00ed n\u011b\u010d\u00ed status (vin\u00edk, opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd, vrchnost – \u00fa\u0159ad, zam\u011bstanec apod.). Pro pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pozitivisty nen\u00ed podstatn\u00fd p\u0159irozen\u00fd stav. Proto nap\u0159\u00edklad doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0situac\u00edm, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad dle pr\u00e1va je zv\u00ed\u0159e pova\u017eov\u00e1no za v\u011bc, nebo d\u0159\u00edve (podle \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va) \u017eena a otrok nem\u011bly pr\u00e1vn\u00ed postaven\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka.
\nOproti pr\u00e1vn\u00edm pozitivist\u016fm se stav\u00ed tzv. p\u0159irozenopr\u00e1vn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0toho, co ve sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b vn\u00edmaj\u00ed. To je jim z\u00e1kladem pro pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravu. Neomezuj\u00ed se jen na my\u0161lenkov\u00e9 konstrukce, ale p\u0159esto nep\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed r\u00e1mec obvykl\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody. Jen m\u00edsty lze v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00fdvoje pr\u00e1vn\u00edho my\u0161len\u00ed sledovat stopy o pozdvi\u017een\u00ed, snahy o transcendentnost, obvykle se projevuj\u00edc\u00ed ve v\u011bdom\u00ed, touze a pot\u0159eb\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017eovat se absolutn\u00edmu, \u010dist\u00e9mu, spravedliv\u00e9mu a prav\u00e9mu z\u00e1konu Bo\u017e\u00edmu, proto\u017ee lidsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kony toho samy o sob\u011b nejsou schopny. Objevuj\u00ed se tak\u00e9 my\u0161lenky, \u017ee lid\u00e9 nemohou pr\u00e1vo v\u016fbec vytv\u00e1\u0159et, \u017ee tedy neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed tvorba, ale jen pr\u00e1vo odvozuj\u00ed od Bo\u017e\u00edho, jak nejl\u00e9pe jsou schopni. Vlna p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va zavalila Evropu zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0velkou francouzskou revoluc\u00ed a u n\u00e1s v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice je dost patrn\u00e1 ji\u017e od devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed a sv\u00e9 stoupence p\u0159irozen\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo nach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u \u00fastavn\u00edch soudc\u016f a v\u0161ech humanist\u016f a ochr\u00e1nc\u016f pr\u00e1v. A tak dnes ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0pr\u00e1vu a ka\u017ed\u00fd ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 a ka\u017ed\u00fd ho h\u00e1j\u00ed, jako by byl ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u00edm \u0161amanem, ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u00edm kn\u011b\u017e\u00edm \u2026
\nAle zapom\u00edn\u00e1 se st\u00e1le na ten nejz\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pramen pr\u00e1va, z\u00a0n\u011bho\u017e v\u0161e povstalo. Zapomn\u011blo se na Boha, na Tvo\u0159iv\u00e9 Slovo, kter\u00e9 bylo na po\u010d\u00e1tku. Nit spojen\u00ed s\u00a0Logosem je p\u0159etr\u017eena. Zbyly ji\u017e jen shluky pok\u0159iven\u00fdch p\u00edsmen a hrbat\u00fdch paragraf\u016f. \u010ceho se chytit? Podle \u010deho m\u011b\u0159it a soudit? Jak\u00e1 je m\u00edra?<\/p>\n

SPRAVEDLNOST A \u0158\u00c1D?<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1vo, kter\u00e9 upravuje na\u0161e vztahy a kter\u00e9 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161eho \u017eivota, je lidsk\u00fdm pravidlem, dalek\u00fdm od Bo\u017e\u00ed dokonalosti. Nen\u00ed-li zaseto v\u00a0dokonalosti, nelze ani dokonal\u00e9 skl\u00edzet. Strom pozn\u00e1me podle ovoce. Plody lidmi vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch pravidel nikdy nemohou uhasit hlad po Bo\u017e\u00ed spravedlnosti, a\u0165 ji\u017e se Bo\u017e\u00edmu sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit sebev\u00edce. Ve sv\u00e9m z\u00e1kladu je to prach, kter\u00fd se v\u00a0prach obr\u00e1t\u00ed. Hv\u011bzdn\u00fd prach, kter\u00fd odvane \u010das. A p\u0159esto nesen v\u011b\u010dnost\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1s vyb\u00edzet k\u00a0prav\u00e9 vzne\u0161enosti. V\u00edce v\u0161ak ne. Do\u0161lo-li k\u00a0odpojen\u00ed od Pramene \u017divota, jen such\u00e1 forma zach\u0159est\u00ed. Pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 slova, li\u0161\u00e1ck\u00e9 argumentace, bratrsk\u00e9 spory. Nepravost, le\u017e, \u0161p\u00edna. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1chytn\u00fd bod Pravdy. Mnohost osam\u011bl\u00fdch, individualizovan\u00fdch jednotlivc\u016f a jejich form\u00e1ln\u00edch vazeb. Matrix chaosu. Pr\u00e1zdnota. Bezmoc. Zhroucen\u00ed.
\nJeden z\u00a0e\u00f3n\u016f b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody. A proto i sou\u010dasn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo proch\u00e1z\u00ed kriz\u00ed mnohosti forem. Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d je nep\u0159ehledn\u00fd, soudcov\u00e9, \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci a panovn\u00edci ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed respekt. Lid\u00e9 je ji\u017e necht\u011bj\u00ed poslouchat. V\u00a0takov\u00e9 f\u00e1zi v\u00fdvoje jsou mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u017edy dv\u011b cesty. Jedna proch\u00e1z\u00ed hlubok\u00fdmi \u00fadol\u00edmi a kopci st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b \u2013 p\u0159es \u201edemokracii\u201c od anarchie k\u00a0despocii, po\u0159\u00e1d dokola. Druh\u00e1 cesta je obr\u00e1cen\u00edm se od vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pravidel a d\u011bj\u016f do nitra. Zde zpytovat sv\u011bdom\u00ed p\u0159ed sv\u00fdm vnit\u0159n\u00edm tribun\u00e1lem, v\u00e1\u017eit sv\u00e9 srdce, pod\u00edlet se na svat\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, na Societas, na Svat\u00e9 demokracii. Vstoupit do Svatyn\u011b. Vstoupit do Nejsv\u011bt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Svatyn\u011b, do na\u00f3s. St\u00e1t se ob\u010danem Christianopolis. Poslouchat hlas Ducha, kter\u00fd zazn\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0tomto Dom\u011b.
\n\u010clov\u011bk ji\u017e nemus\u00ed ztr\u00e1cet s\u00edly nekone\u010dn\u00fdmi spory o lidskou spravedlnost, je-li zam\u011b\u0159en na spravedlnost Bo\u017e\u00ed. Nepout\u00e1 se k\u00a0v\u00fdsledku jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, sp\u00ed\u0161e si uv\u011bdomuje, s\u00a0jak\u00fdmi silami se spojuje a v\u00a0up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e9 touze po Otcovsk\u00e9m dom\u011b upravuje cestu P\u00e1na. Poslu\u0161nost P\u00e1nu otev\u00edr\u00e1 svobodu, p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed k\u00a0Pravd\u011b, Moudrosti, L\u00e1sce a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 S\u00edle.<\/p>\n

Dycht\u011bte po Spravedlnosti Bo\u017e\u00ed a v\u0161e ostatn\u00ed V\u00e1m bude d\u00e1no.<\/p>\n

Snese se k\u00a0V\u00e1m jako pevn\u00e9 lano.<\/p>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u0161kola Zlat\u00e9ho K\u0159\u00ed\u017ee s\u00a0R\u016f\u017e\u00ed d\u00e1v\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9mu hledaj\u00edc\u00edmu mo\u017enost nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed do \u201etaj\u016f\u201c t\u00e9to cesty i pot\u0159ebnou s\u00edlu pro jej\u00ed uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0n\u00e1s sam\u00fdch \u2013 d\u00e1v\u00e1 mo\u017enost nastoupit cestu zp\u011bt k \u201efas, Bohem dovolen\u00e9mu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IUS A FAS, ANEB DVA \u0158\u00c1DY Kdysi d\u00e1vno, kdy\u017e byli tehdej\u0161\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed ve spojen\u00ed s\u00a0Bohem, slou\u017eili lidem v\u00a0mnoha ohledech. Byli \u0161amani, moud\u0159\u00ed, panovn\u00edci, l\u00e9ka\u0159i, hudebn\u00edci a soudci v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 osob\u011b. Kdo m\u011bl spojen\u00ed s\u00a0Prap\u016fvodem, vyvozoval z\u00a0toho tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00e1 \u017eivotn\u00ed pravidla. Rozli\u0161oval se tedy absolutn\u00ed Bo\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd byl lidem d\u00e1n (nebyl jimi vytvo\u0159en) a relativn\u011b platn\u00fd […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","wds_primary_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1446","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clanky"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"sk","enabled_languages":["cz","sk"],"languages":{"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosicrucianum.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1446","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosicrucianum.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosicrucianum.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosicrucianum.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosicrucianum.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1446"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rosicrucianum.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1446\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rosicrucianum.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1446"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosicrucianum.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1446"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rosicrucianum.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1446"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}